Levels of deadly pollutants in London have significantly dropped following the expansion of the Ultra Low Emission Zone (Ulez expansion), a study has found. The reduction in harmful emissions has been particularly beneficial in the capital’s most deprived areas, contributing to better public health and cleaner air for millions.
London Mayor Sadiq Khan faced significant opposition to the 2023 Ulez expansion to outer London boroughs. However, a recent report has confirmed that the initiative has been instrumental in reducing pollution, removing old polluting vehicles from the roads, and improving air quality across the city.
“When I was first elected, evidence showed it would take 193 years to bring London’s air pollution within legal limits if the current efforts continued. However, due to our transformative policies, we are now close to achieving it this year,” Khan said.
What Impact Has the Ulez Expansion Had on Air Pollution?
The report, published by the Greater London Authority and reviewed by an independent advisory group of experts, highlighted the positive impact of Ulez expansion. It confirmed that London’s air quality has improved at a faster rate than the rest of the country, with outer London experiencing some of the most notable improvements.
Khan emphasized the health benefits of the scheme, stating: “The decision to expand the Ulez expansion was not something I took lightly, but this report shows it was the right one for the health of all Londoners. It has been crucial to protect the health of Londoners, support children’s lung growth, and reduce the risk of people developing asthma, lung cancer, and a host of other health issues related to air pollution.”
According to the findings:
- Roadside nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels, a toxic gas linked to asthma and lung cancer, have decreased by 27% across London since Ulez expansion was introduced in 2019.
- Small-particle emissions (PM2.5) from vehicle exhausts were 31% lower in outer London in 2024 than they would have been without the 2023 Ulez expansion.
- Air quality has improved at 99% of monitoring sites across London since 2019.
- Climate-heating gases have been significantly reduced, with carbon dioxide emissions equivalent to nearly 3 million one-way passenger trips between Heathrow and New York being saved.
How Has the Ulez Expansion Evolved Over the Years?
The first phase of the Ulez expansion was introduced in central London in 2019, followed by an expansion to inner London boroughs in 2021. In August 2023, the scheme was extended to cover the entire capital.
Under the Ulez expansion rules, the most polluting vehicles must pay a daily charge of £12.50 to enter the zone. However, only a small percentage of vehicles are affected, as most petrol cars under 19 years old and diesel cars under nine years old are exempt. The latest data indicates that 97% of vehicles in London are now compliant and do not have to pay the charge.
The initiative was met with legal challenges from several outer London councils, but these were unsuccessful. Despite initial criticism, the expansion has proven to be highly effective in reducing pollution and improving the city’s overall air quality.
Who Has Benefited the Most from the Ulez Expansion?
The report highlighted that some of London’s most deprived communities have experienced the greatest benefits from the Ulez expansion. Among those living near the city’s busiest roads, there has been an estimated 80% reduction in people exposed to illegal levels of pollution in 2023. In outer London, this figure rises to 82% compared to a scenario without Ulez expansion.
Air pollution has long been a significant public health concern, with approximately 4,000 premature deaths per year in London attributed to toxic air. Studies have shown that air pollution affects every organ in the body and increases the risk of numerous health problems, including asthma, lung cancer, heart disease, strokes, and even cognitive impairments such as dementia.
Children, in particular, have seen significant health benefits due to the reduction in pollutants. Cleaner air has been linked to improved lung development in children, reducing their long-term risk of respiratory illnesses. Older adults and individuals with pre-existing health conditions have also benefited from better air quality, experiencing fewer hospital visits and respiratory complications.
What Do Experts Say About the Ulez Expansion’s Success?
Maria Neira, Director of Environment, Climate Change, and Health at the World Health Organization, praised London’s efforts, stating: “Improving air quality through initiatives like Ulez expansion is crucial for protecting public health and reducing the burden of disease. Cleaner air leads to healthier communities, lower rates of respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses, and a better quality of life for all residents.”
Dr. Gary Fuller, a clean air expert from Imperial College London and chair of the Ulez expansion advisory group, emphasized the effectiveness of the scheme, saying: “Each phase of the Ulez expansion has led to clear improvements in the air pollution next to London’s roads. This is good news for the current and future health of Londoners, as well as those who travel to London for work or leisure.”
Simon Birkett, Director of the Clean Air in London campaign, also hailed the initiative, noting that it has helped reduce nitrogen dioxide concentrations near busy roads by two-thirds, bringing the city closer to compliance with legal air quality limits and WHO guidelines.
Many environmental groups and public health experts have also called for other cities to adopt similar policies, noting that the success of the Ulez expansion in London could serve as a model for combating pollution in urban areas worldwide.
What Does the Future Hold for London’s Air Quality?
With pollution levels falling and air quality improving at a rapid pace, London is on track to achieve legally acceptable air quality levels much sooner than previously anticipated. The success of Ulez expansion has demonstrated that bold measures can yield significant environmental and public health benefits.
Looking ahead, city officials are considering further initiatives to sustain and enhance air quality improvements. Potential measures include stricter emission standards for vehicles, increased investment in public transport, and further pedestrianization of certain areas to reduce traffic congestion and emissions.
As London continues to implement policies aimed at reducing emissions, the capital serves as a model for other cities looking to combat air pollution. The findings of this latest report reaffirm the importance of sustained action in ensuring cleaner, healthier air for all residents.
Residents and commuters are also encouraged to consider eco-friendly transportation alternatives, such as cycling, walking, or using electric vehicles, to further support the city’s clean air initiatives. By working together, policymakers, businesses, and individuals can contribute to a healthier and more sustainable urban environment.
As air quality continues to improve, Londoners can expect long-term health benefits, economic growth from reduced healthcare costs, and an overall better quality of life. The Ulez expansion has laid the foundation for a cleaner future, reinforcing the importance of proactive policies in combating environmental challenges.
Add a Comment