Schools are adopting various strategies to boost student attendance, with some using rewards such as pizza parties, iPads, and prize draws, while others rely on traditional punitive measures like fines, detentions, and warning letters. In some cases, students can earn tickets to the school prom based on their school attendance records, offering a compelling motivation to show up regularly.
A recent study found that schools that blend rewards with sanctions tend to report higher pupil engagement in school attendance policies. “Pupils in these schools appeared to be motivated to attend, as they saw a tangible benefit to doing so,” the report stated. Schools that implement reward systems also note that students feel a sense of achievement, contributing to a more positive school environment.
One of the most common incentive-based approaches includes praise stamps that students can collect and exchange for small rewards such as chocolates or stationery. Schools have also introduced attendance leaderboards and recognition certificates to further motivate students to maintain consistent attendance.
Why Are Sanctions Alone Less Effective?
In contrast, schools that primarily use punitive measures often find that students perceive these policies as unfair, particularly if their absences are due to circumstances beyond their control, such as illness or mental health challenges. The report highlighted that schools focusing only on punishments struggled to achieve the same level of school attendance improvement as those that offered incentives alongside consequences.
Critics argue that strict punishment policies do not consider individual circumstances. Some students face challenges at home, such as caring responsibilities or financial difficulties, which impact their ability to attend school regularly. Instead of encouraging attendance, harsh penalties may alienate students and parents, creating additional barriers to education.
Furthermore, research suggests that punitive measures, such as fines or detentions, may contribute to increased student anxiety. Those struggling with attendance due to mental health concerns may feel even more pressured, leading to further disengagement from school.
What Is Causing the High Absence Rates?
School attendance has been a growing concern, especially following the pandemic. According to the study, common reasons for absenteeism include illness, mental health struggles, and term-time holidays. The number of students classified as “severely absent” has reached a record high, with unauthorized absences also increasing significantly.
Another contributing factor is the rise in social anxiety and depression among young people. The pandemic disrupted traditional learning environments, making it difficult for many students to transition back to regular school routines. Some have developed a reluctance to return due to academic pressures or fear of social interactions after extended periods of isolation.
Additionally, families facing financial hardships may struggle with transportation costs or a lack of resources, preventing students from attending school consistently. Some parents opt to take children on holiday during term time due to lower travel costs, leading to increased unauthorized absences.
Should Parents Be Fined for Their Children's Absence?
The government has maintained its stance on parental fines as a measure to combat school attendance issues, increasing the penalty from £60 to £80 in September. However, critics argue that this approach is ineffective and unfair. “The message is clear: fines, punitive action, and bribery are not working,” one education leader stated.
Opponents of parental fines believe that this strategy disproportionately affects low-income families who may already be struggling financially. Instead of addressing the root causes of absenteeism, fines place additional stress on parents without providing tangible solutions.
Others emphasize the importance of individualised support for students facing challenges in attending school regularly. “More students are struggling with anxiety and unmet special educational needs, leading to increased absence,” an education expert explained. “Fewer are getting the individual support, specialist input, and pastoral backup they need to return to and remain in school.”
Education experts suggest that schools should work closely with families to develop personalized attendance plans. This may include mental health support, academic catch-up programs, or flexible learning options for students with unique challenges.
What Is the Best Way Forward?
Education leaders agree that a balanced approach is necessary, combining appropriate rewards and sanctions with personalised support systems. “Identifying why a pupil is absent from school and helping them return as soon as possible can be hugely effective,” one school leader noted. Another added, “These findings echo what school leaders tell us about the severe limitations of parental fines in improving school attendance.”
Schools that have successfully improved attendance rates often focus on early intervention. This involves identifying patterns of absenteeism before they become severe and offering targeted support to students who need it. Mentorship programs, regular communication with parents, and access to school counselors can play a significant role in fostering consistent attendance.
Flexible learning options, such as hybrid schedules or remote learning alternatives, may also benefit students who struggle with traditional school structures. Some schools have introduced staggered start times or quiet study spaces to help students with anxiety transition more comfortably into the school day.
Additionally, school-wide initiatives promoting a positive culture around attendance have proven successful. Celebrating small milestones, such as weekly or monthly perfect attendance awards, can help reinforce the value of regular school attendance among students.
The study suggests that schools should focus on encouragement and individualised interventions rather than relying solely on punishments. The challenge remains for schools and policymakers to find the right mix of incentives and support that will keep students engaged and present in the classroom. By understanding the reasons behind absenteeism and addressing them with tailored solutions, schools can create a more inclusive and effective learning environment.
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